HOMEBREW Digest #1389 Mon 04 April 1994

Digest #1388 Digest #1390


	FORUM ON BEER, HOMEBREWING, AND RELATED ISSUES
		Rob Gardner, Digest Janitor


Contents:
  Heading Agents (Adam Brockman)
  Wort cooler follow-up ("Glenace L. Melton")
  Double posts (Kinney Baughman)
  Finings at bottling stage? (Richard Nantel)
  All-grain, yield (Jack Schmidling)
  Request for research information. ("N. S. Miceli")
  Bottling from kegs (Greg Bishop)
  Re: A smaller airlock (Jim Griggers)
  Bad address could not deliv ("MACA")
  cider ("Steven C. Boxer")
  sparge (John Farver)
  Low specific gravities? (Davis)
  Low alcohol brews (Phil Bardsley                       )
  Rubber flavor in yeast starter (Phil Bardsley                       )
  Fruit Beers (Dennis Davison)
  Yield, GOD (Jack Schmidling)

Send articles for __publication_only__ to homebrew at hpfcmi.fc.hp.com (Articles are published in the order they are received.) Send UNSUBSCRIBE and all other requests, ie, address change, etc., to homebrew-request@ hpfcmi.fc.hp.com, BUT PLEASE NOTE that if you subscribed via the BITNET listserver (BEER-L at UA1VM.UA.EDU), then you MUST unsubscribe the same way! If your account is being deleted, please be courteous and unsubscribe first. FAQs, archives and other files are available via anonymous ftp from sierra.stanford.edu. (Those without ftp access may retrieve files via mail from listserv at sierra.stanford.edu. Send HELP as the body of a message to that address to receive listserver instructions.) Please don't send me requests for back issues - you will be silently ignored. For "Cat's Meow" information, send mail to lutzen at novell.physics.umr.edu
---------------------------------------------------------------------- Date: Fri, 1 Apr 1994 21:37:58 -0500 (EST) From: brockman at sunchem.chem.uga.edu (Adam Brockman) Subject: Heading Agents I was wondering if any more knowledgeable brewers/chemist out there could tell me what heading agents are and how they work. Also, do you think that they are worth while, especially for brewers who carbonate using bottle conditioning. Thanx, Adam Brockman brockman at sunchem.chem.uga.edu Return to table of contents
Date: 02 Apr 94 02:39:16 EST From: "Glenace L. Melton" <71242.2275 at CompuServe.COM> Subject: Wort cooler follow-up I did not claim my system of cooling wort was unique; just the best I've tried with simple equipment. The cooled wort is sanitary "enough" because I don't get spoiled batches, whereas using the wort cooler in the more usual way I did. Under- or over-cooling the wort is most unlikely since it is easy to gauge the temperature of the siphon tube as the wort drains out and stop it off and make adjustments, if necessary. Thus the hypothetical re-siphoning one respondent objected to is not necessary. The cold break takes place in the secondary and settles out before pouring the cooled and aerated wort into the primary fermentation vat. "Put brain in gear before starting mouth!" [END] Return to table of contents
Date: Sat, 02 Apr 1994 07:51:42 -0400 (EDT) From: Kinney Baughman <BAUGHMANKR at conrad.appstate.edu> Subject: Double posts Sorry about the double-posts yesterday, folks. I tried canceling and reposting with Jim and Matthew's name which I didn't have on the stuff I clipped to my PC. In my haste, I sent the cancel request to the list instead of to homebrew-request--as the whole world has seen!!! What a rookie mistake! Where's that homebrew? -krb Return to table of contents
Date: 02 Apr 94 10:50:18 EST From: Richard Nantel <72704.3003 at CompuServe.COM> Subject: Finings at bottling stage? I've been adding gelatin finings to the secondary with good success. Due to a slightly inferior extraction rate, my current batch of ale ended up somewhat short of 5 imperial gallons. I'm not doing a secondary fermentation on this batch for two reasons: First, since I use 5 imperial gallon carboys, I'd have to top up with about half a gallon of water in racking to a secondary, thus lowering my SG. Secondly, the recipe calls for a one-stage fermentation. It seems that if I add finings to the primary, I'll just stir up the sediment. My question is this: has anyone tried adding gelatin finings at the bottling stage? I rack from the primary to a carboy in mixing in the priming sugar at the bottling stage so I could just add the gelatin then. Any ideas? Will the gelatin added at this stage affect negatively the conditioning of this batch? Richard Nantel Montreal, Quebec, Canada private email to: rnantel at cam.org Return to table of contents
Date: Sat, 2 Apr 94 11:45 CST From: arf at mcs.com (Jack Schmidling) Subject: All-grain, yield >I asked Kinney: `Can't you brew a better beer using all-grain?' The answer is basically, Yes. But..... Interesting comment that should not be lost in this rosy scenario of an extract brew pub. I guess my question from a business point would be, "why bother?" It ends up being an eatery with a half hearted brewery and one might just as well buy good craft beer as take all the pains to make mediocre beer. >Kinney suggested that when I make my next stout, I use extract and specialty grains because the strong flavor would more than cover any flavor benefits from the pale grain.... Misery loves company? > I am quite tempted to try this, even though for me, extract is 6 times more expensive than DWC grain. I am curious as to just how good an extract beer I can make. Aside from satisfying your curiosity, I find it hard to understand why one would be so tempted, particularly in light of his admission that one can make better beer using all grain. >From: mri10 at mfg.amdahl.com (Michael Inglis) >Subject: Grain Bed Depth >I was going through some old recipes and I noticed an interesting trend in my extraction rates. I used to use a 22qt easymasher type setup for my mash/lauter tun and using an established process I normally got somewhere in the range of 28-29 pts/lb/gal extraction. I recently swithched to a 33qt easymasher type setup and noticed my extraction rate drop to 24 on my last 2 batches. My suspicion is that the lesser grain bed depth is the main culprit. I would estimate that the depth dropped from 6"-7" to about 4". > Can anyone comment on this phenomenon? What is the optimal grain bed depth? Thanks for any discussion. Well, you say "easymasher type" so the real answer might be that all "easymashers" are not equal. I have one (EASYMASHER tm) installed in a 6 qt kettle which I call my "pilot plant". I mash one lb malt with two qts of water and sparge to produce one gallon of wort and get the same yields as I get in the 33 qt kettle and a ten gallon Volrath. The grain depth varies between one and about 10 inches in these tuns. I really do not believe that grain depth has any effect on the yield whatsoever. It may effect the efficiency of the filterbed but the EM doesn't seem to be much affected by that either. I would suggest that you look elsewhere for the loss. Keep in mind that it is absolutely essential that you only change one variable at a time when measuring yield and measure everything carefully. Then do it twice for redundancy before you even start to think about what is goin on. js Return to table of contents
Date: Sat, 02 Apr 94 11:55 CST From: "N. S. Miceli" <BA0845 at UOKMVSA.BACKBONE.UOKNOR.EDU> Subject: Request for research information. I am a graduate student doing a research paper on the brewing industry, both domestically and internationally. If it's not too much trouble, could you please suggest sources containing information like the following: o Sales volumes by brewer, domestically and internationally, for recent years, and as far back in the past as possible; o Product offerings in domestic and foreign markets; o Diversification strategies (e.g., biotechnology or fermentation technology spinoffs); o The effect of technological innovation on the brewing industry. Related would be infrastructure development (e.g., refrigeration, distribution systems, etc.), and effects on minimum efficient production scale. Suggestions regarding any sources which you think might be helpful would be appreciated. Thank you for your time. Nicholas Miceli ba0845 at uokmvsa.backbone.uoknor.edu ba0845 at uokmvsa.bitnet Return to table of contents
Date: Sat, 2 Apr 1994 10:59:49 +0000 From: bishop at magic.geol.ucsb.edu (Greg Bishop) Subject: Bottling from kegs I have recently begun kegging my beer. What a headache saver! Occasionally I'd like to give a bottle of homebrew to a friend and have questions about bottling from a keg. Should I turn up the pressure from the CO2 before bottling? Is the loss of CO2 from the beer significant if I cap the bottles immediately after filling them? What would be a good pressure to use (I keep my beer in the keg at about 47 degrees Fahrenheit with a CO2 pressure of about 13 lbs. per sq. inch). I would appreciate advice from people with experience bottling from kegs. Thanks in advance for any tips. ................................................................. Greg Bishop Department of Geological Sciences University of California Santa Barbara, CA 93106 - ----------------------- Internet: bishop at magic.geol.ucsb.edu Return to table of contents
Date: Sat, 2 Apr 1994 22:43:18 -0500 (EST) From: Jim Griggers <brew at devine.ColumbiaSC.NCR.COM> Subject: Re: A smaller airlock In Digest 1387 Patricia Doran writes: =>In my basement I have a small refrigerator (approx. 24" =>high) which I believe would be ideal for use as a lagering fridge. My =>problem is this: while my glass carboy fits quite nicely in the fridge =>on its own, once the airlock is in place (I have a standard airlock, =>approx. 2" high) the combined carboy-airlock unit is about 1.25" to tall =>to fit upright in the fridge. =>My questions are: a) does anyone know of a short airlock that is readily =>available ; and b) would using a shorter airlock be o.k. as far as the =>brewing process is concerned? Any info or suggestions would be greatly =>appreciated. => =>PDoran I had the same problem. I ferment most of my beers in a seven gallon carboy sitting inside a 5 ft^3 refrigerator which has a full width freezer at the top. My normal glass air locks were about an inch too high. What I did was make an air lock out of 10 mm glass tubing like this: .................... . ................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ---------- . . . . ******** . . . . <-- Blown out into bulb ******** . . . . ****** . . . . . . . . Standard drilled . . . . stopper . . . . . ...... . . . ......... I had the tubing laying around since I make neon sculptures, but any sign shop should have this size. The 10 mm fits snuggly in a 3/8" drilled stopper. I would think that the tubing could be bent fairly easily in a standard propane torch flame, however I used a 5-point crossfire intended for neon tubing. Be sure to flame polish the tubing ends where they were cut. The bulb parts allow bubbles to burst and prevents the water from being blown out or sucked into the carboy. I would be willing to make a FEW of these for people that need them, no charge. You furnish the stopper and shipping costs. __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ |\/ \/ \/ \/ \/ \/ \/ \/ \/ \/ \/ \/ \/ \/ \/ \/ \/ \/ \/ \/ \/| |Jim Griggers jdg at devine.columbiasc.ncr.com Columbia, SC| |______________________________________________________________| Return to table of contents
Date: 3 Apr 1994 10:00:52 U From: "MACA" <maca at maca.sarnoff.com> Subject: Bad address could not deliv Mail*Link(r) SMTP Homebrew Digest #1388 (Apri !!!! Original Message >= 24K; See following enclosure. Preview follows !!!! HOMEBREW Digest #1388 Sat 02 April 1994 FORUM ON BEER, HOMEBREWING, AND RELATED ISSUES Rob Gardner, Digest Janitor Contents: >Re: Regulators for Kegging (William Nichols) RE: SB# 040194 (GNT_TOX_) Saving face (GNT_TOX_) Is Decoction Worth It? (George Kavanagh O/o) Warming up a fermenter in a cold basement. ("J. Frisbie") Re: Irish Moss (Jeff Frane) Re: DWI on the Information Super-highway (John D. Pavao) RIMS basket case (Bob Jones) Slow Ferment (BUKOFSKY) early foam? (Tobey A Nelson) Competition results (Spencer.W.Thomas) RE: DWI on the Info Super Hiway (Murray Knudson) beer recipe formulator (chris campanelli) The economics of Tumbleweed (Kinney Baughman) Sterilizing chillers (Kinney Baughman) Light/Fruit (Keith MacNeal 01-Apr-1994 1247) (Kinney Baughman) (Kinney Baughman) Fridge too small or airlock to large. (Fred Waltman) The economics of Tumbleweed (Kinney Baughman) Sanitizing chillers (Kinney Baughman) beer in huntsville (Chuck Mryglot) Dryhopping/Copper+Vinegar/fruitSanitation/Oops!/ShortAirlock (Algis R Korzonas +1 708 979 8583) Send articles for __publication_only__ to homebrew at hpfcmi.fc.hp.com (Articles are published in the order they are received.) Send UNSUBSCRIBE and all other requests, ie, address change, etc., to homebrew-request@ hpfcmi.fc.hp.com, BUT PLEASE NOTE that if you subscribed via the BITNET listserver (BEER-L at UA1VM.UA.EDU), then you MUST unsubscribe the same way! If your account is being deleted, please be courteous and unsubscribe first. FAQs, archives and other files are available via anonymous ftp from sierra.stanford.edu. (Those without ftp access may retrieve files via mail from listserv at sierra.stanford.edu. Send HELP as the body of a message to that address to receive listserver instructions.) Please don't send me requests for back issues - you will be silently ignored. For "Cat's Meow" information, send mail to lutzen at novell.physics.umr.edu - ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Date: Thu, 31 Mar 1994 22:30:36 From: bnichols at mlab.win.net (William Nichols) Subject: >Re: Regulators for Kegging Dion Hollenbeck quotes Andy > >>>>>> "Andy" == GNT TOX <GNT_TOX_%ALLOY.BITNET at PUCC.PRINCETON.EDU> writes: > >Andy> Question about regulators for kegging. We have this regulator sitting >Andy> here at work. It was used to dispense argon and is now sitting around >Andy> doing nothing. It's a rather big one, made for a 2o pound tank. Can >Andy> it be used to keg homebrew? > >Andy> Andy Pastuszak > >NO, NO, NO. CO2 in the tank is mostly a liquid with a layer of gas on >top of it in the "headspace" of the cylinder. As such, it is at a >pressure of from 600 to 800 psi depending on ambient temperature. >Argon, like oxygen and other "normal" gases is just compressed into >the cylinder and does not become liquid. Therefore, you are dealing >with somewhere in the range of 2000 to 3000 psi. I disagree Dion, I think that 800 PSI on a 3000 PSI regulator leaves quite a nice safety factor. The only thing one has to do is change the CGA fitting on the regulator to one that will mate with tho top of a CO2 tank (all sizes are the same) >Fortunately, trying to use an argon regulator for CO2 will probably >just result in it not working because there is not enough pressure >to open the high pressure circuit. As for the it not working at such a low pressure, a regulator does not stop dispensing as a tank is emptied, but will empty the tank to atmospheric pressure. I was looking for a deal like that when I was setting up a kegging system, but none were available. Cheers, Bill Nichols <bnichols at mlab.win.net) - ------------------------------ Date: Fri, 1 Apr 94 08:29 EST From: <GNT_TOX_%ALLOY.BITNET at PUCC.PRINCETON.EDU> Subject: RE: SB# 040194 If you're as outraged as I am about the senate bill that was in yesterdays HBD, send E-Mail to Bill Clinton at: PRESIDENT at WHITEHOUSE.GOV. Go crazy people! I want to be able to read the HBD AND have a homebrew at the same time! - ------------------ RFC822 Header Follows ------------------ Received: by maca.sarnoff.com with SMTP;3 Apr 1994 10:00:16 U Received: from vaxserv.sarnoff.com by peanut.sarnoff.com (4.1/SMI-4.1) id AA08026; Sat, 2 Apr 94 03:59:16 EST Errors-To: homebrew-request@ hpfcmi.fc.hp.com Received: from hpfcla.fc.hp.com by vaxserv.sarnoff.com (4.1/SMI-4.0) id AA10952; Sat, 2 Apr 94 03:59:03 EST Errors-To: homebrew-request@ hpfcmi.fc.hp.com Received: from hpfcrdg.fc.hp.com by hpfcla.fc.hp.com with SMTP (1.37.109.4/15.5+IOS 3.20) id AB21016; Sat, 2 Apr 94 01:55:07 -0700 Received: by hpfcmi.fc.hp.com (16.6/15.5+IOS 3.22) id AA13095; Sat, 2 Apr 94 01:00:40 -0700 Date: Sat, 2 Apr 94 01:00:40 -0700 Message-Id: <9404020800.AA13095 at hpfcmi.fc.hp.com> To: homebrew at hpfcmi.fc.hp.com From: homebrew-request@ hpfcmi.fc.hp.com (Request Address Only - No Articles) Reply-To: homebrew at hpfcmi.fc.hp.com (Posting Address Only - No Requests) Errors-To: homebrew-request@ hpfcmi.fc.hp.com Precedence: bulk Subject: Homebrew Digest #1388 (April 02, 1994) Return to table of contents
Date: Sun, 3 Apr 1994 12:48:01 -0400 (EDT) From: "Steven C. Boxer" <scb15 at columbia.edu> Subject: cider Can anyone help with an english style cider recipe. I am uncertain if I should use concentrated juice in combination with juice. Any ideas about sugar and/or honey? Lastly, what is the best yeast to use to get the english cider taste. Thanks in advance. STEVE BOXER Return to table of contents
Date: Sun, 3 Apr 1994 10:12:29 -0700 From: John Farver <bruticus at hebron.connected.com> Subject: sparge Yesterday I brewed 10 gal of IPA, target grav was 1.063 I completed my sparge getting 13 gal of wort to the kettle as is normal for me, and noticed that the remaining liquid from the sparge was sweet. I took a grav on this and it was 1.035. WOW Well I checked the grav in the kettle and calculated a finish grav which was 1.060 +-, at the end of the boil I had a 1.063. My questions are what happened, why and what should I do? I have a theory but would really appreciate some input. I would not expect to hit my target grav with that much sugar left behind. I might mention here that my system has been consistent for 4 years now and I changed nothing for this batch. Thanks in advance. E-mail replys ok. Return to table of contents
Date: Sun, 3 Apr 1994 13:14:14 -0700 (PDT) From: Davis <sekearns at ucdavis.edu> Subject: Low specific gravities? I have been getting low specific gravities lately. For example; last batch had 9 lbs of 6-row and 1 lb of crystal, mashed at 154-156 for 1hour and then at 165-170 for 10 to 15 mins. My original gravity was 1.032..?? This was for a 5.5-6 gallon batch. This has happened before. Is this characteristic of a mash problem? Not enough grain (10 lbs seemed sufficient).? Do I simply add sugar of some sort? Any thoughts please e-mail, Thankyou very much. Matt sekearns at ucdavis.edu Return to table of contents
Date: Sun, 03 Apr 94 16:49 EDT From: Phil Bardsley <UPHILB at UNCMVS.OIT.UNC.EDU> Subject: Low alcohol brews Several questions have come up recently about low-alcohol brews. I've been experimenting with the methods Jack Schmidling posted a few months ago for non-alcohol brews. I have a few answers and a few more questions myself. Jack's method, basically, is to brew a normal batch of beer, then heat it to about the boiling temp of alcohol (145F) until the alcohol is gone, and bottle. I've found this method works fairly well, and is low-tech enough for the average home brewer. Here are a few points worth adding/emphasizing: 1) The alcohol boils off into the air you're breathing (over the kettle), so use adequate ventilation. 2) You lose some water along with the alcohol, seemingly about the same volume of both, depending on how long you heat the beer. It's somewhat difficult to judge the volume lost, which is critical for priming before bottling (my first batch was over- carbonated). You can calculate the volume of alcohol to boil off by estimating the alcohol content from the original and final gravity. Add 2 or 3 times that much water back in before bottling to maintain the same volume (or just measure the final volume) before priming. 3) I hold the beer at 145F for about 30 min, then heat to 160F and hold for another 10 min to sanitize. 4) The beer takes on a mild "cooked" flavor from heating. It also turns a bit darker. Both the color change and the cooked flavor dimish substantially after a few weeks in the bottle. 5) I stir the beer while heating it, but only gently, to minimize oxidation. 6) Stronger flavors in the original beer (like hoppiness) are reduced by heating. So, it's good to start with a strongly flavored beer. I haven't yet tried a hop-back during chilling, or steeping hops during heating, or adding essential hop oils to the bottling bucket, but all seem like reasonable ways to add back at least the hop flavors the heat drives off. My latest N/A started from a dry-hopped Sierra Nevada Pale Ale clone, which retained much of the hop flavor and aroma after heating. 7) Heating kills the yeast, so to condition the beer you need to add both priming sugar and yeast. Use the same type you used for fermenting, or you risk overcarbonation from adding a more attenuative bottling yeast. I start some leftover wort fermenting with a sample of beer from the fermenter a couple days before heating/bottling the N/A beer. It's at high krauesen when it's time to bottle. I mix in the fermenting wort, or just the yeast from the bottom of the starter bottle, along with priming sugar. 8) It's difficult to judge how much alcohol is left in the kettle after heating. I use my nose to judge when it seems most of the alcohol is gone. The bottle conditioning adds a bit back in. If I recall, Jack tested his for alcohol content, but I suppose my methods yield a beer with less than 1%. This is NOT non-alcohol beer, but it is very light alcohol compared with the 4-5% of the starter beer. Now for my questions: 1) Does anyone know a quick method to test for alcohol, akin to the iodine-starch test, that I could use to tell when all the alcohol has been boiled off? 2) Does anyone know how the mega-brewers create N/A beer? To get some motivation for this project, I tasted every N/A beer I could find on the market. They all taste about the same (light Pils style, even the German imports) but had no "cooked" flavor. If I could either remove the alcohol without heating, or remove the cooked flavor after heating, I'd make a better brew by far. Thanks in advance. Phil_Bardsley at unc.edu Return to table of contents
Date: Sun, 03 Apr 94 17:03 EDT From: Phil Bardsley <UPHILB at UNCMVS.OIT.UNC.EDU> Subject: Rubber flavor in yeast starter Hi all, I use Wyeast liquid yeast for all my brews, and always make up a starter a day or two ahead of brew-day. The starter is wort I've salvaged from the bottom of the brew kettle after siphoning most of the chilled wort into the primary. I filter the hops out of these dregs, bottle it in mason jars using a hot-water bath, and then use it later to start yeast. To start the yeast, I pitch the Wyeast package contents into a jar with the wort and attach an airlock. Regardless of the strain of yeast, how long the starter has been fermenting (1-7 days), what beer type went into the starter, and whether I shelter the starter from light or not, it always has a fairly strong rubber taste. Yet, my beer never has a rubber taste. I don't really use rubber anywhere in the process, except the stopper in the bottle, which the starter never touches. So, I don't suppose it's actually rubber causing the taste. The taste doesn't cause any real problem - I just pour the starter off the yeast sediment and pitch only the sediment. But, I figure someday I'll create a contaminated starter and miss the off flavor because the rubber taste is so strong. Any ideas? Thanks in advance. Phil_Bardsley at unc.edu Return to table of contents
Date: Sat, 2 Apr 1994 18:11:20 -0500 (EST) From: Dennis Davison <exe01679 at char.vnet.net> Subject: Fruit Beers With all the talk about fruit in beers in HBD #1388 I feel I should interject into this conversation as a Vintner not as a Brewer (I do both quite well). As a vintner the use of Campden Tablets is to prevent the wild yeast from starting the fermentation. 1 crusched campden per gallon of wine (anywhere from 5 lbs to 15 lbs of fruit) 24 hours before yeast pitching. For a brewer this is not practical as the Wort may start it's spoilage and produce very high levels of diaceytl. Best results would be to pitch the fruit into your at high krausen. This gives you the best chance that wild yeasts will not get a foot hold. Once fermented the wild yeasts will not effect the flavor of the beer. One thing to remember with some fruits & berries (especially Raspberries) is that they contain alot of acid. This acid will disapate in time (a few years), so don't over do the high acid fruits and berries. There is a way to the acid content in the wine by using potassium bicarbonate (NOT SODIUM BICARBONATE, baking soda). For my next fruit beer I intend on making a must (same as a wort but must is a wine term) very heavy with raspberries (about 20 lbs) in 1.5 gallons of water. Adding potassium bicarb. to reduce the acid to a tolerable level. Once compete, I'll add this to a 3.5 gallon beer (brewed with a slightly higher than normal gravity to compensate for the addition of the must). I'll keep you guys posted as to the results from this. Sometime this fall. Dennis Davison exe01679 at char.vnet.net Exec-Pc, Milwaukee, Wi 414-789-4210 99 carboys of beer on the floor, 99 carboys of beer. If one of these carboys should happen to keg, then 98 carboys of beer on the floor. Return to table of contents
Date: Sun, 3 Apr 94 21:51 CDT From: arf at mcs.com (Jack Schmidling) Subject: Yield, GOD >From: Kinney Baughman <BAUGHMANKR at conrad.appstate.edu> >Subject: The economics of Tumbleweed >Town water departments are notorious for playing with the water. That translates into wildly variable extraction efficiencies. Is this just a rhetorical statement to be taken with a large dose of salt? If not, I would be interested in what you consider "wildly variable" and just what it is they do to caues this and why I never see this in my "town". Re: Jeff Frane's view on the REAL diety. As a born-again Athiest and sometime Agnostic, I can't help but take note of Jeff's allegation that God is in reality.... Irish Moss. Never wanting to be accused of being narrow minded, I think I might just check out this one. I have never worshiped said god and proclaimed I never would, but elevating Irish Moss to godhood is more than I can resist. Irish Moss, ora pro nobis. Amen js Return to table of contents
End of HOMEBREW Digest #1389, 04/04/94