HOMEBREW Digest #2346 Fri 14 February 1997

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	FORUM ON BEER, HOMEBREWING, AND RELATED ISSUES
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Contents:
  Heineken in Brown/Beer Yeast Bread (Chris Carolan)
  Stovetop Brewing Tips (Rich Hampo)
  Chalk (A. J. deLange)
  Hop Oil Extracts (George Schamel)
  Bioriginal Malt? (George Schamel)
  Cats Meow/Brewery website (Chico Seay)
  gravity of starters (Julio Canseco)
  conical fermenters ("Bryan L. Gros")
  Re: OG? (Oliver Weatherbee)
  Stainless Steel Pots ("WILLIAM R. RICH")
  Yeast experience (P. Edwards)
  Re: White Labs and Truth in Advertizing (Jim Liddil)
  Water Temps for Cleaning/Sanitizing (Rob Kienle)
  Mashing In ("Bill Giffin")
  Stone(d),OG comparisons, Newcastle ale,CaCO3 solution ("David R. Burley")
  Re: Brew Kettle Questions (Ron Gasik)
  Re: fining, filtering, and aging/candi sugars (Spencer W Thomas)
  Honey botulism, Clinit*st correction ("David R. Burley")
  Dark Candi Sugar ("Bill Giffin")
  Kegs on stove/rough spot in Corny/100% wheat beer/sulfur (George De Piro)
  carbonates/astringency/proteins and rests (2)/SNPA carbonation (korz)
  Subject: Extract/partial Belgain Abbey (Kenneth D Boivin)
  Off-flavor exorcism ("Kirk Harralson")
  HMGCoA reductase/Esters/oxygenation/hi gravity brewing (Steve Alexander)
  RE: Lowering temp on Chico yeast (erikvan)
  Re: Question about hop (Jorge Blasig - IQ)
  An HB cure for skunkiness ?? (Steve Alexander)

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---------------------------------------------------------------------- Date: Wed, 12 Feb 1997 03:40:58 -0600 (CST) From: spiralc at ix.netcom.com (Chris Carolan) Subject: Heineken in Brown/Beer Yeast Bread Brown Heineken On a recent trip to Amsterdam, my local hosts ordered a round of Heinekens in the restaurant. When they arrived in green bottles, I remarked that I was expecting brown. Their reply? "Oh, that's the Export." Go figure. The local grocery stores sold large returnable green Heineken bottles that appeared to be about 24 oz. Those bottles were delvered to the stores in plastic milk crates. Efficient packaging all-around. For anyone going to Amsterdam, get to La Belgique, on an alley behind the Nieuwkerk (New Church). This bar has 8 Belgian beers on tap and another 50 in bottles. (No affiliation. Just a staggering customer.) Beer Yeast Bread Some literature (BT) has suggested that bread yeast is selected for CO2 production and that brewing strains are less than ideal. I suspect that any of the massive top cropping ale strains would work best. My single data point with Ringwood yeast supports that idea. I maintain a sponge/starter from Ringwood that I replenish/feed in the following proportions. 1 part water 1 part starter 1 1/2 parts flour. I dissolve 1 tsp of DME in the water, which provides the yeast with the maltose it knows and loves. Let it sit at room temp for at least 12 hours after feeding. For the bread, I use about 275 grams of starter, 750 grams of flour, and 2 1/4 cups of water, and 1 tablespoon of salt. Good stuff. Chris Return to table of contents
Date: Wed, 12 Feb 1997 07:16:01 -0500 From: rhampo at ford.com (Rich Hampo) Subject: Stovetop Brewing Tips Hi All, Having just bought a new house (with all new appliances =:) my wife was very concerned about not trashing our expensive cooktop. I'd like to pass on a few tips I have discovered over the last several years of stovetop brewing that will definitely save you time, probably save your stove, and maybe even save your marriage. 1) Start with an immaculate stove. Clean it BEFORE you brew. Any food or grease splatters will be very difficult to remove after having been cooked on during a 90 minute boil. 2) Cover as much of the stove with aluminum foil as possible (but not the burners, duh...). Any boilovers or drips from the stirring spoon become a non-issue since you just toss the foil when you are done. Make sure the stove is clean underneath (see #1) because splatters will still cook on underneath the foil due to the extreme heat. 3) Especially if your pot is small (I've got a polarware 10 gallon SS pot - Nyah, Nyah) use some kind of "boiling stone" to reduce boilovers. I use a 3" diameter SS disk (from the expresso machine) but I've heard of others using pennies or other copper items. The idea is to make the production of bubbles more uniform and reduce the really large bubbles that splash wort all over the place. These three things (especially #1 and #2) have shaved probably 30-40 minutes of arm-breaking cleanup time for me each brew session. I enjoy stovetop brewing because it allows me to still be part of the family while I'm brewing. I can bring the 7 gallons of sweet wort to a boil in around 20 minutes with my pot straddling two burners (12K & 10K BTU). Hope these hints help you out in your quest for better bear with less cleanup! Richard Hampo H&H Brewing Ltd. Return to table of contents
Date: Wed, 12 Feb 1997 13:49:44 -0500 From: ajdel at mindspring.com (A. J. deLange) Subject: Chalk Steve Lefebvre asked about how to get calcium carbonate to dissolve in water. The answer is acid: CaCO3(s) + 2H+ --> 2HCO3-(aq) + Ca++. This can be any acid but hydrochloric, sulfuric phosphoric and lactic seem to be the most popular among brewers. I have, in the past, advocated the use of carbonic acid (bubbling CO2 through the water until it clears) because you can then readjust the pH to a desired value simply by aerating (letting excess CO2 escape). The question remains as to why you want to dissolve chalk in your brew water. The usual reason is to hold mash pH up when using strongly acidic (high color) malts. In these cases using acid to dissolve the chalk into the liquor partially defeats the purpose of using chalk in the first place i.e. you are adding acid in order to dissolve something you want to use to absorb acid. By partially I mean that 2 equivalents of chalk can "absorb" 4 equivalents of acid. The reaction above shows 2 equivalents of chalk absorbing 2 equivalents of acid. When put into the mash tun 2HCO3- + 2H+ - --> 2CO2 + 2H2O absorbs another 2 (the exact numbers depend on pH). Thus you give up half the neutralizing capacity of chalk if you dissolve it with acid first. Because of this many people put the chalk into the mash, monitoring the pH, rather than into the water. On the other hand when using acid to dissolve the chalk you wind up with twice as much calcium in the water and if increasing calcium is your goal, using acid is fine. One final caveat. If a mineral or organic acid is being used you must be cognizant that the anion of that acid will also be present in the beer. For example, if sufuric acid is used, the sulfate content of the water will go up and the effects of increased sulfate on hops will be noted. This may, of course, be exactly what you want but in some circumstances it may not. This is the one big advantage to using CO2 as the acid (it is a bit of a PITA). It does not increase any anion other than the carbonate species which you have already accepted that you will tolerate when you made the decision to use chalk. A. J. deLange - Numquam in dubio, saepe in errore. Please Note New e-mail Address Return to table of contents
Date: Wed, 12 Feb 1997 07:09:27 -0700 From: George Schamel <george.schamel at den.mmc.com> Subject: Hop Oil Extracts George De Piro asks: > I have a question about hop oil extracts, used to add aroma to > fermented beer. > > Has anyone out there used them? Did you like the results? Did it > also affect hop flavor or bitterness? Was the recommended 1/2 ounce > per 5 gallons enough? > > Have fun! > > George De Piro (Nyack, NY) > Hello George (nice name), I have used the Hop Tech hop oils and late hop essences. These were the Premium British Blend, Pure East Kent Goldings, Late Hop Essence Floral, and Late Hop Essence Spicy. I was not at all happy with the results in all cases. I used then singly and in combination with each other and with hop pellets. I do not think that they provided a good hop character the beers (which BTW were all pale ales). Just my experience. I am interested in hearing other opinions as well. George Schamel, High Altitude Homebrew, 10000ft and still brewin' Conifer, Colorado Return to table of contents
Date: Wed, 12 Feb 1997 07:28:22 -0700 From: George Schamel <george.schamel at den.mmc.com> Subject: Bioriginal Malt? Hello All, I just received an information packet from this company, Bioriginal Malt. They make organic barley malt and malt extract. Has anyone out there (Is there anyone out there?) used this malt or heard of this company. The full name and address is: Bioriginal Malt Certified Organic Malt and Extract Big River, Saskatchewan, SOJ OEO I find this interesting because they claim to have a warehouse in Denver, CO and the price per 25kg bag is $24.95 US if you buy 3 or more bags. Whoops re-reading this, it sounds like an ADVERTISEMENT. Nope Standard Disclaimer Applies George Schamel, High Altitude Homebrew 10000ft and still Brewin' Conifer, CO Return to table of contents
Date: Wed, 12 Feb 97 8:34:12 CST From: cseay at TUblue.pa.utulsa.edu (Chico Seay) Subject: Cats Meow/Brewery website Well, I'll be jiggered, but the day I submitted the query about the Brewery website was the day I began regaining access to it. I have no explanation, just relief and apologies for bothering the Brew Brain Trust. Thanks! Chico Seay Return to table of contents
Date: Wed, 12 Feb 97 09:48:48 EST From: Julio Canseco <JCANSECO at UGA.CC.UGA.EDU> Subject: gravity of starters Greetings, I have noticed that a 1.040 SG is referenced regarding starters. What is the importance of this? Will a higher gravity shock the liquid yeast? I normally add an overflowing cup of LME (syrup) in a half gallon of boiling water and haven't bothered to check the SG. My starters seem OK and the final beer is fine. Would someone please expand on this? Is the starter SG related to the style of beer it is for? TIA julio............ legal aleian.. in athens, ga. Return to table of contents
Date-warning: Date header was inserted by ctrvax.Vanderbilt.Edu From: "Bryan L. Gros" <grosbl at ctrvax.Vanderbilt.Edu> Subject: conical fermenters stevek at propwash.co.symbios.com (Steve kemp) wrote: > >I would like to refine my brewing process to use only a >single vessel for fermentation. A cone shaped vessel >with a large valve in the bottom to drain off the trub >and spent yeast would be ideal. I've seen the Fermentap >product, but, would like something a little more industrial. >Since I brew 12 gallon batches I would like at least a 15 gal >fermenter with at least a 1" valve in the bottom and a hole >in the top for filling / cleaning that is sealable for an airlock. The more recent issues of Brewing Techniques and Zymurgy have ads for a company that makes baby unitanks. Stainless, in sizes of 10 to 20 gallons, they're designed to fit in a standard refridgerator. They look cool, but are probably out of most people's price ranges. **** re: making bread. There was a pretty good article in the Nov/Dec 96 Brewing Techniques about making bread, which touched on using spent grains and brewing yeast. Check it out. Arnold asks: >> From: Jeff Renner <nerenner at umich.edu> >> >> I'd suggest boosting the yeast activity by making a sponge using the yeast, >> all of the liquid, and 1/3 - 1/2 of the total flour and letting it ferment >> for 1 - 3 hours before adding the rest of the ingredients. >Wouldn't you want to add the sugar to the "sponge" to feed the yeast? Good question. I thought that bread yeast can generally "ferment" flour, so you don't generally need to add sugar to bread (although you may want to). I assume that ale yeast generally cannot ferment flour (starch). I don't see what the benefit of using beer yeast for baking would be; bread yeast is the right tool for the job. - Bryan grosbl at ctrvax.vanderbilt.edu Nashville, TN Return to table of contents
Date: Wed, 12 Feb 1997 10:02:49 -0500 From: oliver at triton.cms.udel.edu (Oliver Weatherbee) Subject: Re: OG? Adam Fisher wrote in part: >I do partial boils and then add the wort to a primary filled with the >remaining water. When exactly should I take the OG. My OG and predicted >OG have been considerable off and I was hoping to >fix the problem. When mixing makeup water and a high gravity wort, it is very difficult to get an accurate SG reading due to the density differences and resulting stratification. After trying other people's equations with limited success, I put together a wort dilution table from published numbers and several of my own experiments. I have found this lookup table to be accurate enough that all I have to do is take a gravity reading from my cooled wort (after transferring to my carboy so I know my starting volume) and then based on my desired starting gravity, the table tells me exactly how much water to add. The table is at our club website (the url is in my .sig below) under the Brewing Tips section. It is in html format which you can print directly or, if you prefer, a Quattro Pro or Excel format version is also available for download. If you don't have web access, let me know, and I will try to email you a copy. ________________________________________________________ Oliver Weatherbee oliver at triton.cms.udel.edu First State Brewers http://triton.cms.udel.edu/~oliver/firststate/ ________________________________________________________ Return to table of contents
Date: Wed, 12 Feb 1997 07:26:12 -0800 From: "WILLIAM R. RICH" <RICHB at nisewest.nosc.mil> Subject: Stainless Steel Pots In HBD #2343, Brad Anesi wrote that he recently bought an 8 gallon stainless steel pot with a "solid aluminum sandwiched bottom" for $135. He also states that "Boil-over problems have effectively been eliminated due to the solid bottom and increased head-space". >From my experience in brewing 5 gallon all-grain batches, an 8 gallon pot would be a little small. I have a 10 gallon stainless steel Polar Ware pot which I picked up for $129 from Williams Brewing that seems to be about the right size. It does not have a "solid aluminum sandwiched bottom", but I get a very even heat across the bottom of my heavy duty pot. I'm not sure that aluminum clad bottoms really buy you that much if the pot is made of a heavy gauge stainless steel. As far as boil-overs, I always get a large head of foam early in the boil (when the hot-break forms?). I can barely keep this foam in my 10 gallon pot, so I would hate to have to keep to in an 8 gallon pot. The bottom line is, I think anything less than a 10 gallon pot is too small for 5 gallon batches. Opinions? Bill Rich San Diego, CA richb at nosc.mil Return to table of contents
Date: Wed, 12 Feb 1997 09:23:00 -0500 From: pedwards at iquest.net (P. Edwards) Subject: Yeast experience Dion wrote: > As I said before, I have used this California Ale yeast at least a > dozen times and all I do is warm it to room temperature and pitch it > in 5 gals. of wort. It takes off in two hours or so for me every > time. If you wanted to give it a fair test, you should have followed > the instructions as provided. I have done this numerous times and I > can say that the yeast behaves exactly as Chris says it should. Well, in my 1/2 gallon, well-aerated, 1.040 OG starter at room temp, I didn't see any appreciable activity until 12 hours after pitching. I can't imagine that this sample would have kicked in _quicker_ in the full five gallons. And I was told this was a fresh vial, from that week's production. It was shipped 2nd day air, and I picked it up the same day it arrived. But other people I've talked to who've used this yeast say my experience isn't atypical. Part of the problem in this discussion is that Dion and I have different defintions of "start of activity". We've discussed this off-line and I have a better understanding of what he meanns, but I think we're still defining things differently. Lack of a concrete defintion can lead to confusion. I think we're still a few hours apart in our definitions. His setup is different than mine. He aerates with pure O2 for _much_ longer than I do (two hours at low pressure for him vs a couple of high pressure 30-60 second blasts for me. We use similar, if not, same airstones, tho). He concludes with: > The buyer does not need to beware with this product, it works well and > consistently. As I said before, Chris expanded his market because he > was flooded with demand from local brewers who love using his product. > Yes, now that it has gone out of San Diego, the lack of a "born-on > date" is a concern, but Chris is correcting that. Well, it depends on your expectations. Mine are different and perhaps more demanding than other folk. The new "born-on dating" is welcomed and may have something to do with the fact that I brought it up as a concern to a local supplier when I first saw the product. He relayed my concern to White Labs. The literature the company supplies to the retailers says that in 4 week old products, lag times may increase to as much as 20-24 hours. Kinda tosses the "pitch right from the vial" instructions right out the window, at least for me. Not all of us live in the same city as the lab, and get it within a few days of when it was packaged. And it may not "fly off the shelf" everywhere. Viability can only go down over time, and there's no easy way for the retail customer to tell how fast. If y'all want to use White Labs, go ahead. Nobody's telling you not to. But, as with any of the liquid yeasts on the market, you _really_ should make a starter, IMHO. Malt, water, hops and yeast. We used to brew with generic hopped malt extract and dry yeast of unknown origin. Specialty grains? what were those? If we could get reasonably fresh hops we didn't know what the alpha acid rating was. We used whatever water came out of the tap. We brew better beer now because we've gotten access to information and become better educated. We know more now about the first three than we do about the fourth ingredient. Don't take your yeast for granted. - --Paul (pedwards at iquest.net) Return to table of contents
Date: Wed, 12 Feb 1997 08:13:17 -0700 From: Jim Liddil <jliddil at azcc.arizona.edu> Subject: Re: White Labs and Truth in Advertizing Dion Wrote: > Paul&gt; As they say, "Caveat Emptor" > > The buyer does not need to beware with this product, it works well and > consistently. As I said before, Chris expanded his market because he > was flooded with demand from local brewers who love using his product. > Yes, now that it has gone out of San Diego, the lack of a &quot;born-on > date&quot; is a concern, but Chris is correcting that. > > dion The fact that the product works well and consistently is not the issue for me. The fact that White Labs has a brochure that states the product contains at least 250 billion cells is FALSE ADVERTIZING. I'm willing to give them the benefit of the doubt for now. But at this time further testing is on going and a statistically significant sample # will be analyzed. White labs has the option to either change the brochure or get raked through the mud here. Jim Return to table of contents
Date: Wed, 12 Feb 1997 10:07:49 -0600 From: Rob Kienle <rkienle at interaccess.com> Subject: Water Temps for Cleaning/Sanitizing I know I've seen a discussion of this subject floating around here before, but apparently I've lost my notes on it and hope you all will humor me with a recap. At what temperature is water most effectively used for 1) Sanitizing vs rinsing with chlorine; 2) Sanitizing vs rinsing with Iodophor; and 3) Just Plain Rinsing/Cleaning (as in washing out the mash tun and boiler after a session)? Cheers4beers, Rob Kienle Chicago, IL rkienle at interaccess.com Return to table of contents
Date: Wed, 12 Feb 1997 11:07:18 +0000 From: "Bill Giffin" <billgiffin at maine.com> Subject: Mashing In Top of the morning to ye all, Add the crushed malt to the water or add the water to the crushed malt that is the question. I now do the latter adding the water to the crushed malt and have found that far more controllable. I do this with all method of mashing, infusion, step mash, mixed mash and decoction. and have had good results this way. When I do an infusion mash I heat the water to around 180F and dough it into the mash slowly until I have about reached my strike point then all I have to do is to slow down the infusion of water so not to overshoot the temp. I want. I also use a simple mash tun, actually a five gallon enamel pot, so if I miss it altogether all I have to do is put it on the fire and heat it up to where it should be. All grain brewing is about as difficult as making biscuits from scratch. Bill Return to table of contents
Date: 12 Feb 97 11:19:01 EST From: "David R. Burley" <103164.3202 at CompuServe.COM> Subject: Stone(d),OG comparisons, Newcastle ale,CaCO3 solution Brewsters: Graham Stone asks about a SS air stone: > Can anybody in the UK tell me where I can get a SS 2 micron air stone? Or > can one of you lovely American chaps let me know how I might obtain one, > how much, where, when, etc. <G>? A lovely SS stone is available from the same people who make the "carbonator" The company is "Liquid Bread" in Orlando, Florida. By phoning them I found out: e-mail to Jill will be picked up in the AM EST. They do ship internationally with a credit card or other means of paying and you can contact her at: lbread at iag.net or Phone 407-888-3533 or Fax 407-888-3531 Ask for a catalog No afffiliation yadda, yadda. - ------------------------------------------------------------- Adam Fisher has been having troubles with getting a match between OG and anticipated OG. Other than correcting for temperature, the major point of error ( and much larger in most cases) is due to incomplete stirring of the make up water to bring it to 5.5 gals or whatever in the fermentation vessel. Stir well. pulling the higher gravity wort off the bottom and mixing before taking an OG reading. - ------------------------------------------------------------ Gabrielle Palmer says: > I'm hoping to take 6-8 bottles of my > latest scotch ale to Scotland with me in June to give to the people whose > house I'll be living in while I'm there, but I'm not familiar with the customs Is this the proverbial "coals to Newcastle or what?" Just kidding. I have no personal experience with homebrew, but have often carried lots of stuff into Britain like booze, etc. I've carried in 6 packs of brandy in a clear shopping bag in plain view without being bothered. Just walk through the "Green Line - Nothing to Declare" and you will not likely be bothered. Even if you are, the worst penalty will be to pay a duty on it which isn't much. This is not really a prime focus of the Customs folks who are pretty nice and would probably like to hear about your homebrew. - --------------------------------------------------------------- Steven D. Lefebvre asks how to dissolve calcium carbonate to put into his mash tun. Use carbonated water, like the cheap soda water you get at the supermarket or make your own with a "carbonater" type device and CO2. Calcium bicarbonate which you form is more soluble than the plain carbonate. It will likely dissolve in the wort without this, however, when you use the black malts which lower the wort pH.. - ---------------------------------------------------------------- Keep on brewin' Dave Burley Kinnelon, NJ 07405 103164.3202 at compuserve.com Voice e-mail OK Return to table of contents
Date: Wed, 12 Feb 1997 10:38:33 -0600 From: Ron Gasik <ronster388 at worldnet.att.net> Subject: Re: Brew Kettle Questions Spencer W. Thomas wrote: >Yes, but you *can* use a 10 gallon pot on the stove, and you >definitely CANNOT use a modified keg. I recently completed a 2 level, natural gas brewing platform using modified kegs. Prior to having my new system, I *WAS* using the modified kegs on a "regular" natural gas kitchen stove and produced some of my best brews this way. By stradling the keg across 2 burners (the same as you would with a 8 gallon speckled enamel pot), I could reach a strong rolling boil in a reasonable amount of time. Return to table of contents
Date: Wed, 12 Feb 1997 12:05:57 -0500 From: Spencer W Thomas <spencer at engin.umich.edu> Subject: Re: fining, filtering, and aging/candi sugars Re: making dark candi The obvious solution is to pour it out onto a greased marble slab. Greased aluminum foil will do in a pinch. But don't set the foil directly on your "Formica(tm)" countertop, unless you want to scorch it. Melted sugar is very hot. You could try doing without the grease, but then separating it from the pouring surface becomes difficult. =Spencer Thomas in Ann Arbor, MI (spencer at umich.edu) Return to table of contents
Date: 12 Feb 97 12:23:40 EST From: "David R. Burley" <103164.3202 at CompuServe.COM> Subject: Honey botulism, Clinit*st correction Brewsters: On the botulism thread, I read recently that honey was a major source of botulism spores. Which doesn't surprize me a bit, but I wonder how honey wheat and mead makers deal with it. DO they boil the honey losing all that distinctive honeyness? Based on the discussions so far, I would be loathe to add unboiled honey to a fermentation. Comments? - --------------------------------------------------- I screwed up the other day when I said to add 10 drops of beer and 10 drops of water in the Clinitest procedure. The point I was trying to make was how easy the test was and only used a little beer in each test - unlike the SG measurement method. The offical procedure calls for *5* drops of beer and 10 drops of water and this is what I use normally. If you are below 1/2% or so in a normal test, adding 10 drops of beer will make the test more sensitive, but you have to divide the readings by two. - -------------------------------------------------- Keep on brewin' Dave Burley Kinnelon, NJ 07405 103164.3202 at compuserve.com Voice e-mail OK Return to table of contents
Date: Wed, 12 Feb 1997 14:29:52 +0000 From: "Bill Giffin" <billgiffin at maine.com> Subject: Dark Candi Sugar Good afternoon All, >>Al K posted: Russell Mast posted that a friend of his made his own amber candi sugar by heating it. The problem is that if you let it cool in the pot, you may have trouble separating the sugar from the pot. If you try to pour it into the wort while still hot (not recommended) you can have some serious splattering going on. If anyone has successfully made dark candi sugar (without accident or injury), please post more details. Russell? << You surely do heat the sugar. To make dark candi sugar or at least an approximation of it. Put the amount of cane sugar and water equal to about half volume of the sugar in a heavy bottom sauce pan. Bring the sugar to a boil until it forms large bubbles, now is the time that you had better watch or the stuff will burn. When the sugar become a nice amber color pour the sugar into a large cookie sheet lined with alumiun foil to cool. After it has cooled break it up and you now have "candi" sugar to add to your Bel. Ales. I have added the sugar while it was hot to the wort coming to a boil and it didn't splatter, but it surely did make the wort in the area of the hot sugar come to a boil instantly. Bill Return to table of contents
Date: Wed, 12 Feb 1997 14:42:17 -0800 From: George_De_Piro at berlex.com (George De Piro) Subject: Kegs on stove/rough spot in Corny/100% wheat beer/sulfur Hi all, Spencer wrote that a drawback to converted Sankey keg boilers is that they can't be used on a stove top. That is contrary to my experience. Just don't touch the bottom of it or put it down on flammable/meltable surfaces until it is cool. The ring at the bottom gets REALLY hot, and stays that way for a while. I just tell people that ring in my dining room rug was made when an alien ship landed... ---------------------- Steve asks about the rough spot he feels inside his Corny keg. My guess would be that it's the lettering that's stamped into the side of the keg, near the top. All of mine feel rough in that spot on the inside. ---------------------- Saul asks if wheat will convert itself. Yes it will. 100% wheat beer can be made, using rice hulls to provide a filter bed. Be prepared for a long sparge, even with the rice hulls. ---------------------- Somebody (don't know who) wrote in about bottling a beer that had a sulphury smell. He/she was wondering if it would dissipate with time. I don't know. I always allow hydrogen sulphide to vent from the beer by lagering in a carboy until the odor is gone. Once the beer is in a closed system, the gas cannot escape in a reasonable amount of time. I don't know if yeast will break down hydrogen sulphide. You may have to hold your nose, or drink it when you have a cold. Have fun! George De Piro (Nyack, NY) Return to table of contents
Date: Wed, 12 Feb 1997 13:45:54 -0600 (CST) From: korz at xnet.com Subject: carbonates/astringency/proteins and rests (2)/SNPA carbonation Here are a few more old topics that I couldn't comment on because of the HBD crash... wdcolins writes (quoting Mike): >> I haven't had a chance to get the water tested yet. What sort of >> water condition would cause this? How would this effect brewing? > >The day before you brew, boil six gallons or so of the water and left >it sit overnight (covered). Next morning, the minerals should have >settled out. If that sounds like too much work (it can be), try <snip> I just wanted to point out that if you are trying to settle-out carbonates, to maximize the amount you remove, you should force-chill your boiled water and decant off the sediment. As the water cools & sits around, it will pick up CO2 from the air which will lower the pH and subsequently some of the calcium carbonate will redissolve in the water. The reason that the CaCO3 drops out of solution in the first place is because you are boiling off the dissolved CO2. *** Jean-Sebastien writes: >Brown Malt astringency should balance the Belgian Aromatic/Biscuit >malt sweetness. I believe that astringency is perhaps the wrong discritor to use for the flavour imparted by the Brown Malt. Sharpness, I would say, but not astringency. In fact, you are *less* likely to get astringency from Brown Malt than pale malts because polyphenols are the usual source of astringency and darker malts lower pH which, in turn, decreases polyphenol extraction. *** PAUL writes: >regimen, but without spending all day on a double or triple decoction. (I had >originally planned to use the 40-60-70 program, but the grist of this lager >includes enough adjuncts that I thought the 122F rest was needed.) Unless your adjuncts are high in protein, they shouldn't increase your need for a protein rest. For example, corn grits, rice, corn starch, potato starch... all of these are low in protein and are referred to as "protein dilutants" -- they are used by the Megabrewers to dilute the excess protein they get from using 6-row base malts. Wheat is high in protein and raw and flaked wheat are more likely to *require* a protein rest than malted wheat, in which some of the protein has already been broken down by the malting process. *** Mark writes, regarding leaving your "rest mash" in the protein rest temperature range for a longer than desirable time when decoction mashing: >doesn't the fact that you have the vast majority of the starch grits in the >decoction vessel minimize this danger to a great degree? i mean, i realize >there are proteases and peptidases in the rest mash, but there's not really >much protein in the rest mash for them to break down, is there? it's in the >decoction vessel, isn't it? I'm afraid not... the protein is where the mash is... some in the rest mash and some in the decoction. There are plenty of proteins in the rest mash and a long rest in the proteolytic range will indeed break them down. The reason that decoction mashes made great beer was because the malt they used was quite undermodified. This means that some proteolytic action was not only acceptable, but it was necessary! At the first Spirit of Belgium conference (1994?) Eric Toft (sp?) from a brewery somewhere between Munich and Salzburg (formerly brewing in Belgium, wbich is why he was speaking at the SoB...) said that many German breweries were frustrated by the German maltsters "overmodifying" the malts and therefore many were cutting back from traditional triple-decoction mashes, to double- or even single-decoction mashes because the beer was coming out without mouthfeel. *** Chas writes: >I have recently purchased a filter and would like to bottle condition my beers >ala Sierra Nevada. My thought is, at the end of fermentation, to filter 5 >gallons or so, and then add back a portion of non-filtered beer (I usually >make 11 gallon batches, so the extra beer is available). The question is, >what is the minimum amount of unfiltered beer I need to add back to the >filtered product to boost the yeast population up to the level required to >achieve carbonation with priming sugar? Anyone try this? Any yeast gurus You don't really need that much yeast to get carbonation. I haven't done what you suggest, but my *guess* would be that if you used 10% unfiltered beer, the beer would still carbonate within a month. However, if you want to bottle condition your beer as Sierra Nevada does, what you want to do is filter your beer, force-carbonate it to about 90% of the final level you want, then add fresh yeast and only add 10% of the normal amount of priming sugar. That's what SN does. Al. Al Korzonas, Palos Hills, IL korz at xnet.com Return to table of contents
Date: Tue, 11 Feb 97 11:11:14 UT From: "Raymond Estrella" <ray-estrella at msn.com> From: kboivin at juno.com (Kenneth D Boivin) Subject: Subject: Extract/partial Belgain Abbey Brander Roullett asked about Belgain Abbey type ales and Belgain Candi sugar. I'm not sure if candi sugar is essential, however some type of sugar seems important. I have used honey as a substitute. Brown sugar might work as well. Candi sugar is nothing more than highly refined cane sugar that has been cyrstalized on a string, the light version is the same as good ol' C & H. The dark candi sgar has been carmelised, (see the archives for ways to do it yourself) The reason for sugar in Belgian ales is to add fermentables, and to lighten body. By fermenting out completely a couple of pounds of sugar in a Tripple will boost alcohol while leaving a lighter body than we expect from other high-gravity brews. (Barley-wine, Strong Scotch Ale etc.) Honey can contain as much as 25 % unfermentable material, and many types will contribute color as well. Brown sugar is regular white sugar with mollassas added. I don't think it is a traditional Belgian adjunct. Return to table of contents
Date: Wed, 12 Feb 97 16:42:16 EST From: "Kirk Harralson" <kwh at smtpgwy.roadnet.ups.com> Subject: Off-flavor exorcism >From what I understand, certain undesirable conditions during fermentation will produce "higher", or fusel alcohols in the finished beer. Some of my, er, earlier beers tasted like you put a shot of lighter fluid in the glass with the beer. Some of my friends thought I was making really, really strong beer, when my calculations showed alcohol content less than Bud. Now, if this is the case, my theoretical question is this: Can these fusel alcohols be reduced in the same (or similar) manner as Jack S. (and others) have suggested for making non-alcoholic beers? This process reheats beer after it has fermented to a point high enough to evaporate alcohol, but leave *most* everything else (most people who have tried this report that hop character is also lost in the process). I don't know the boiling point of fusel alcohols, but if it is within the range of ethanol, wouldn't the fusels be eliminated as well? I'm sure other by-products are involved, but if you could eliminate 75 - 80% of the problem, this may be a way to salvage a batch. Also, is there any other off-flavor by-products that could possibly be reduced or minimized by this technique? I have always assumed that off-flavors from bacterial infections or poor fermentation conditions were a permanent defect. Again, this is only a theoretical question; I'm not even sure I would go to the trouble to do this. I'm also not suggesting this as an alternative to controlling fermentation conditions -- eliminating the cause of a problem is always easier than eliminating the problem itself. However, if it is possible to salvage a NA beer rather than dumping 5 gallons down the drain, I may be tempted to try it. Kirk Harralson Bel Air, Maryland Return to table of contents
Date: Wed, 12 Feb 1997 17:05:37 -0500 From: Steve Alexander <stevea at clv.mcd.mot.com> Subject: HMGCoA reductase/Esters/oxygenation/hi gravity brewing In HBD #2340 A.J.deLange responds re HMG-CoA reductase enzyme involved in production of yeast sterols ... >>This rather than the mevalonate build-up may be >>the controlling factor in yeast too. > >Could be at least part of it. While I'm aware that this mechanism is >recognized I don't believe that its importance has been fully established You're right A.J., that phosphates are involved in modulating the activity is clear, but the details of this are not (circa 1996). HMGCoAreductase synthesis is the other part of the control as you state. - -- Back to the big picture so we don't lose everyone. Acyl-CoA in yeast is involved in the primary chemical mechanism of ester production in beer. If your yeast are filled with Acyl-CoA, some of your alcohols will be converted to esters. Acyl-CoA is used in many of the biochemical pathways in yeast (and most other organisms). Two important syntheses requiring Acyl-CoA are the creation of sterols and the creation of lipids. Both sterols and lipids are required to build yeast cell walls. No sterols or lipids means no new cell walls which means thinner cell walls and less/no yeast growth. To get from Acyl-CoA to sterols requires oxygen. To get from AcylCoA (or a variant - MalonylCoA) to at least some lipids (unsaturated fatty acids) also requires oxygen. This seems to cover the major requirements for oxygen in yeast. Aside from lipid and sterol synthesis yeast seem to live happily anaerobically. If we cut off the oxygen supply from yeast the ability of the yeast to synthesize sterols and oleic acids is impared, so the AcylCoA builds up in the yeast cells and is available to increase ester production. This is why esters are a potential problem in hard to oxygenate high gravity brews - like Rob Moline's recent note on barleywines. This is also why open fermentation, as pointed out by David Burley, can lead to low ester levels. A.J.deLange continues ... >[....] I would, thus, expect more esters in a beer >where sterols had been supplied. There has been lengthy debate on whether >cold trub should be removed or not with, if I recall correctly, the general >consensus being that it should be, from lagers at least, if the cleanest >result is to be obtained. This depends. *IF* the feedback control mechanism for the lipid or sterol synthesis reduces the amount of AcylCoA or its precursors - or alternatively if the control occurs at or after the AcylCoA is available. As an anology, you can stop the flow of water down your drain by either plugging the drain or turning by off the faucet. Both stop water from draining away, but the former method causes a 'pooling' of water, and eventually side effects. I have several sources M&B Science, 'Biology of Microorganisms' Brock 1974, and several of the references in Andy Walsh's ester paper that note that ergosterol and various unsaturated fatty acids (oleic, linoleic and linolenic) added to wort separately improve yeast growth AND reduce ester production !!! (BTW - cold trub does contain linoleic and linolenic acids). This suggests that supplying yeast with the fatty acid and sterol products they would normally synthesize prevents pooling of AcylCoA and also permits anaerobic yeast growth. Like turning off the faucet instead of plugging the drain. Practical implications --- If this is correct then it might advantageous to eliminate all wort aeration and oxygenation and instead add ergosterol and oleic acid as a yeast nutrient/growth factor. Decreasing the amount of additives would increase the amount of esters formed, when desired. The non-aerated wort wouldn't suffer negative effects of oxygen uptake, yet the yeast could grow normally and the esters can be reduced. This might be a big improvement for high gravity brewing. Experiments are obviously needed here. Steve Alexander Return to table of contents
Date: Wed, 12 Feb 1997 16:18:11 -0600 (CST) From: erikvan at ix.netcom.com Subject: RE: Lowering temp on Chico yeast Tony Owens wrote: >Are there any advantages to be gained by lowering the primary >fermentation temperature of the Chico yeast? I've read that optimum >temperature is around 68 to 70. What if you dropped it to 58 to 60? >Would this have a positive impact on the beer, in your opinion? Tony, I always ferment ales at around 60 deg., with every strain. Doing so will not harm the beer at all, in my own opinion. In fact, you will probably have a "cleaner" beer, because at lower fermentation temperatures, less off flavors, such as fruity, butterscotchlike(diacetyl), cidery, grassy(acetaldehyde), or even the aroma of rotten eggs, occur. Fermenting at lower temperatures will also lower the risk of bacterial contamination and propagation, which prefer warmer temperatures. But keep in mind, if the environment is too cold, activity will be much lower, or stop completely. Also, upon completion of fermentation, yeast will settle out better, leaving you with clearer beer. So around 60 deg won't hurt your beer, but going down to 50 deg and lower won't help, unless your lagering. In my opinion, keep it around 60 deg. Good luck with your brewing, Erik Vanthilt The Virtual Brewery HTTP://www.netcom.com/~erikvan/brewery.html News, recipes, hints, monthly newsletter and more... Return to table of contents
Date: Wed, 12 Feb 1997 20:21:00 -0300 (GMT-0300) From: Jorge Blasig - IQ <gisalb at elmer.fing.edu.uy> Subject: Re: Question about hop Dear friends, I posted the following message in the list but have not received any answer. Is there anybody out there who has information about a hop name Strickle-Bract. > I would appreciate if any of you can send me information about a certain > hop known by the name of Strickle-Bract or something similar. I need > alpha acid content, whether it should be used for aroma, flavor or > bitterness, origin, etc. Any comment will be welcomed. > Thanks. > Jorge Blasig Return to table of contents
Date: Wed, 12 Feb 1997 18:50:15 -0500 From: Steve Alexander <stevea at clv.mcd.mot.com> Subject: An HB cure for skunkiness ?? All, I came across a patent application in a food sciences book that describes adding 0.5 ppm to 5 ppm of zinc to wort (added as zinc sulphate) to decrease hops skunking. The claim is that the zinc fortified wort would cause the yeast to expel a large amount of H2S (rotten egg odor) which is scrubbed by the CO2 escaping. This reduces the amount of sulphur in the finished beer and the skunking reportedly needs sulphur for one of the intermediate steps. I have no idea whether this is effective or not, but it might be worth a try for that summer quaffing beer. Steve Alexander Return to table of contents