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	FORUM ON BEER, HOMEBREWING, AND RELATED ISSUES
		Rob Gardner, Digest Coordinator

Contents:
  Re: problem water (Pete Soper)
  Growing Hops (Steve Anthony)
  boiling brewing water, pH, and skunky beer ("1107-CD&I/VIRUS DISEASES")
  no subject (file transmission) (lbr)
  Lactic Acid

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Date: Mon, 15 May 89 10:31:16 edt
From: Pete Soper <soper at maxzilla.encore.com>
Subject: Re: problem water

From: florianb%tekred.cna.tek.com at RELAY.CS.NET

>Pete Soper talks about increasing pH with boiling.  I interpret this as
>a concentration of the alkaline ions.  I recommend stop boiling the water.

The pH increased but the buffering effect changed only slightly. The point
was that without other treatment, this water is useless before boiling and
useless after boiling, for most recipes.

What I was looking for was an explanation of what is likely to be in this
water other than the kind of simple bicarbonates that can be precipitated,
and more importantly, how I can greatly reduce this buffering effect.

>If you want to sterilize it, simply heat it to boiling.  Try acidifying
>it with, say, citric acid.  Anyone have a better method?

  Adding acids was what I meant by "drastic measures". I wasn't explicit
because I didn't want anybody to start adding acids to their recipes just
because they had read about them in the digest. I've used acids (OTHER
than citric) with great success but have decided to switch to trucking
decent water to my house. But at 80-120 pounds of water per batch there is
a lot of inducement to find improved kitchen chemistry for my water
treatment :-)

  Speaking of water, the homebrew club I joined recently carried out an
interesting experiment. Each of six members was given an identical kit
of ingredients and a detailed recipe to make a batch of homebrew. The one
main variable that was allowed to vary was water. Four very different
sources of water were used and although the sample beers looked and tasted
quite similar there were very distinct differences in flavor. One sample had
a faint clove character. One had a level of hop bitterness absent from the
other samples, and so on. One sample was really awful, but it didn't taste
like it was infected. It just had a yucky flavor that reminded me of coffee
brewed with terrible water. OK, yes, there were in fact many other
variables in this experiment. In fact large trucks could be passed through
the holes in it. However I like to think that the lake, river, and well
waters used did play a part. The experiment goal was stated as follows:
"To establish baseline variability by brewing a sample of beers somewhat
more similar than Coors Light and No. 6 diesel oil" :-)
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Pete Soper, Encore Computer Corp, 901 Kildaire Farm Rd., bldg D
Cary, North Carolina  27511     USA      phone   1 919 481 3730
arpa: soper at encore.com (129.91.1.14)
uucp: {talcott,linus,bu-cs,bellcore,decvax,necntc}!encore!soper

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Date: Mon, 15 May 89 11:54:27 EDT
From: Steve Anthony <steveo at Think.COM>
Subject: Growing Hops

I'm curious as to the experiences netlanders have had in the growing of
hops.  Questions that come to mind are what climate is right, soil
conditions necessay, how long it takes to generate a useful crop (hopefully
not as long as planting grape vines until you get useable grapes), and what
kinds of hops are good for what kinds of conditions.

Any pointers to books/references would also be helpfull.  Bung ho!

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Date: 15 May 89 21:16:00 EST
From: "1107-CD&I/VIRUS DISEASES" <henchal at wrair.ARPA>
Subject: boiling brewing water, pH, and skunky beer

RE:  Increases in pH after boiling.

Carbonic acid is a weak, unstable dibasic acid which is formed in
solution by water and dissolved carbon dioxide.  One effect of
boiling is to drive the carbon dioxide (as well as all gases)
from the solution.  Once the solution cools, shouldn't the pH be
higher according to the following formula?   

    2H+ + CO3--   ------->H2CO3 -----------> H2O + CO2
                <--------              <---

The length of the arrows signify the tendency of the reactions to
proceed.  I am a little surprised by the final pH that Peter
Soper reported for his water (>pH 9.0).  Peter, does your water
contain alot of dissolved carbonates?  You might consider having
it tested.  I believe that one remedy is to lime (CaO) well water
to soften it and control pH problems.

When you boil your wort, do you add gypsum? To acidify the wort,
the brewer can add gypsum and/or citric acid (should be the free
acid NOT sodium citrate).  I usually treat my brewing water with
both, since I can not reach my brewing pH solely with gypsum. If
I add too much gypsum I get water which is too hard.  Citric acid 
does not appreciably detract from the flavor of the beer, and can
rapidly change the pH of the water.

  Erik A. Henchal
<Henchal at WRAIR.ARPA>

Oh, one last note.  Mr Tehennepe described the production of what I interpreted
to be "skunky" beer.  This is of course the classical description of "light-
struck" beer.  Was your fermenting beer exposed to excessive amounts of light?

Erik

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Date: Mon, 15 May 89 16:00:39 EDT
From: holos0!lbr at gatech.edu
Subject: no subject (file transmission)

Subject: Lactic Acid

Anyone have a supplier for lactic acid?  Dave Miller, in his new book,
claims this acid is excellent for adjusting mash pH.  I do not like
citric acid.  If I add enough of it to have an effect there is a
noticeable Kool-Aid taste.  None of my mail order catalogs--and I
have at least a dozen--lists lactic acid.

Len Reed
gatech!holos0!lbr

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